Spicy Fermented Korean Cabbage

Featured in: Easy Starters & Sides

Master traditional Korean kimchi with this authentic method. Ferment napa cabbage and daikon radish with a bold spice paste of gochugaru, garlic, ginger, and savory seasonings. The process takes 40 minutes of active prep followed by 2-7 days of fermentation, developing complex tangy flavors and beneficial probiotics. Perfect as a side dish, in soups, or paired with rice.

Updated on Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:17:10 GMT
Bright red kimchi packed in a glass jar, featuring crunchy napa cabbage and daikon radishes coated in a vibrant, spicy gochugaru paste.  Save
Bright red kimchi packed in a glass jar, featuring crunchy napa cabbage and daikon radishes coated in a vibrant, spicy gochugaru paste. | tongsripple.com

Kimchi is a vibrant, spicy, and tangy traditional Korean side dish that brings a burst of umami and crunch to any meal. Made from fermented napa cabbage and radishes seasoned with a potent blend of chili, garlic, and ginger, this probiotic-rich staple is both a healthy and flavorful addition to your kitchen repertoire.

Bright red kimchi packed in a glass jar, featuring crunchy napa cabbage and daikon radishes coated in a vibrant, spicy gochugaru paste.  Save
Bright red kimchi packed in a glass jar, featuring crunchy napa cabbage and daikon radishes coated in a vibrant, spicy gochugaru paste. | tongsripple.com

While the process of making kimchi involves a few days of patience for fermentation, the hands-on preparation is straightforward. By combining fresh produce with a homemade spice paste, you create a living food that develops deeper, more complex flavors over time.

Ingredients

  • 1 large napa cabbage (about 1.2 kg / 2.5 lbs)
  • 1 medium daikon radish (about 200 g), julienned
  • 4 scallions, sliced
  • 1 medium carrot, julienned (optional)
  • 80 g (1/3 cup) coarse sea salt
  • 1.5 liters (about 6 cups) cold water
  • 6 cloves garlic, minced
  • 1 thumb-sized piece fresh ginger, peeled and minced
  • 1 small onion, roughly chopped
  • 3 tbsp fish sauce (or soy sauce for vegan)
  • 1 tbsp sugar
  • 3–5 tbsp Korean red chili flakes (gochugaru), to taste
  • 2 tbsp rice flour
  • 150 ml (2/3 cup) water
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Instructions

Step 1
Cut the napa cabbage lengthwise into quarters, then chop into 2-inch pieces.
Step 2
Dissolve sea salt in 1.5 liters cold water in a large non-reactive bowl. Add cabbage pieces, tossing to coat. Place a plate and a weight on top to keep submerged. Let sit for 2 hours, tossing every 30 minutes.
Step 3
Rinse the salted cabbage thoroughly under cold water 2–3 times to remove excess salt. Drain well.
Step 4
To make the spice paste, whisk rice flour with 150 ml water in a small saucepan over medium heat until thickened (about 1–2 minutes). Let cool.
Step 5
In a blender, combine cooled rice paste, garlic, ginger, onion, fish sauce (or soy sauce), and sugar. Blend until smooth. Stir in gochugaru to desired spice level.
Step 6
In a large bowl, combine drained cabbage, daikon radish, carrot (if using), and scallions. Add spice paste and, using kitchen gloves, massage thoroughly to coat all vegetables.
Step 7
Pack the kimchi tightly into clean glass jars or a fermentation crock, pressing down to eliminate air pockets. Leave at least 2.5 cm (1 inch) headspace at the top.
Step 8
Seal and leave at room temperature out of direct sunlight for 1–2 days, burping the jars daily to release gas.
Step 9
Taste after 48 hours; once sour and tangy to your liking, store in the refrigerator. Kimchi will continue to ferment slowly and develop deeper flavors over several weeks.

Zusatztipps für die Zubereitung

Proper salting is essential for the right texture; ensure you rinse the cabbage thoroughly after the two-hour soak to remove excess salt. When packing the jars, press the vegetables down firmly to remove air pockets, which helps prevent spoilage during the fermentation phase.

Varianten und Anpassungen

For a milder version, simply reduce the amount of gochugaru or add a grated apple or pear to the spice paste for natural sweetness. To make this recipe vegan, replace the fish sauce with soy sauce or a vegan fish sauce alternative.

Serviervorschläge

Serve kimchi as a traditional side dish, or use it to add a spicy kick to soups and rice bowls. It pairs exceptionally well with fried eggs for breakfast. For a beverage pairing, try a crisp lager or a dry Riesling to complement the heat.

A close-up of freshly made kimchi, showcasing colorful julienned carrots and scallions mixed into the tangy, fermented Korean side dish.  Save
A close-up of freshly made kimchi, showcasing colorful julienned carrots and scallions mixed into the tangy, fermented Korean side dish. | tongsripple.com

Once your kimchi has reached its peak tanginess, store it in the refrigerator where it will continue to evolve. This spicy, crunchy condiment is a fantastic way to bring the bold flavors of Korea into your everyday meals.

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Recipe FAQs

How long does kimchi fermentation take?

Kimchi ferments at room temperature for 1-2 days, then continues developing flavor in the refrigerator for several weeks. Taste after 48 hours and refrigerate when desired tanginess is achieved.

Can I make kimchi vegan?

Absolutely. Replace fish sauce with soy sauce or vegan fish sauce alternative. The fermentation and flavor profile remain excellent without animal products.

What is gochugaru?

Gochugaru are Korean red chili flakes with medium heat and slightly sweet flavor. They're essential for authentic kimchi and provide the characteristic red color and spicy kick.

Why is rice flour used in kimchi?

Rice flour creates a thickened paste base that helps spices adhere to vegetables and promotes beneficial bacterial growth during fermentation. It's traditional and improves texture.

How do I know when kimchi is ready?

Ready kimchi tastes tangy, slightly sour, and has developed bubbles from fermentation. The vegetables soften but retain crunch. Trust your taste preferences for fermentation timing.

What can I serve with kimchi?

Kimchi pairs beautifully with steamed rice, in fried rice, atop noodles, in soups like kimchi jjigae, or alongside grilled meats. It's incredibly versatile in Korean and fusion cuisine.

Spicy Fermented Korean Cabbage

Fermented napa cabbage with Korean chili, garlic, ginger creating tangy, spicy, probiotic-rich perfection.

Prep Time
40 minutes
Time to Cook
2880 minutes
Overall Time
2920 minutes
Created by Aria Thompson


Skill Level Medium

Cuisine Type Korean

Makes 12 Portion Size

Diet Preferences No Dairy, No Gluten, Reduced-Carb

Ingredient List

Produce

01 1 large napa cabbage (about 2.5 lbs), quartered and cut into 2-inch pieces
02 1 medium daikon radish (about 7 oz), julienned
03 4 scallions, sliced
04 1 medium carrot, julienned (optional)

Salt & Water

01 1/3 cup coarse sea salt
02 6 cups cold water

Spice Paste

01 6 cloves garlic, minced
02 1 thumb-sized piece fresh ginger, peeled and minced
03 1 small onion, roughly chopped
04 3 tbsp fish sauce (or soy sauce for vegan)
05 1 tbsp sugar
06 3–5 tbsp Korean red chili flakes (gochugaru), to taste
07 2 tbsp rice flour
08 2/3 cup water

How-To Steps

Step 01

Prepare the Cabbage: Cut the napa cabbage lengthwise into quarters, then chop into 2-inch pieces.

Step 02

Salt the Cabbage: Dissolve sea salt in 6 cups cold water in a large non-reactive bowl. Add cabbage pieces, tossing to coat. Place a plate and a weight on top to keep submerged. Let sit for 2 hours, tossing every 30 minutes.

Step 03

Rinse and Drain: Rinse the salted cabbage thoroughly under cold water 2–3 times to remove excess salt. Drain well.

Step 04

Prepare Rice Paste: Whisk rice flour with 2/3 cup water in a small saucepan over medium heat until thickened (about 1–2 minutes). Let cool.

Step 05

Make Spice Paste: In a blender, combine cooled rice paste, garlic, ginger, onion, fish sauce (or soy sauce), and sugar. Blend until smooth. Stir in gochugaru to desired spice level.

Step 06

Combine Vegetables and Paste: In a large bowl, combine drained cabbage, daikon radish, carrot (if using), and scallions. Add spice paste and, using kitchen gloves, massage thoroughly to coat all vegetables.

Step 07

Pack into Jars: Pack the kimchi tightly into clean glass jars or a fermentation crock, pressing down to eliminate air pockets. Leave at least 1 inch headspace at the top.

Step 08

Ferment at Room Temperature: Seal and leave at room temperature out of direct sunlight for 1–2 days, burping the jars daily to release gas.

Step 09

Refrigerate and Store: Taste after 48 hours; once sour and tangy to your liking, store in the refrigerator. Kimchi will continue to ferment slowly and develop deeper flavors over several weeks.

Needed Equipment

  • Large mixing bowls
  • Colander
  • Blender or food processor
  • Kitchen gloves
  • Fermentation jars or crock
  • Knife and cutting board

Allergen Details

Look over every ingredient for allergens and reach out to a medical expert if needed.
  • Contains fish (unless vegan version is used) and soy (if substituting with soy sauce).
  • Gluten-free if using gluten-free soy sauce.
  • Always check ingredient labels, especially for fish sauce and soy sauce.

Nutrition Details (per serving)

For informational purposes only—not a substitute for health advice.
  • Energy: 35
  • Fats: 0.2 g
  • Carbohydrates: 7 g
  • Proteins: 1.5 g